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All these parameters were restored satisfactorily by nucleus replacement but never reached the intact status.
![idp.generic gnu octave idp.generic gnu octave](https://iiif.elifesciences.org/lax:65554%2Felife-65554-fig1-v1.tif/full/,1500/0/default.jpg)
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Nucleotomy increased segment mobility, zygapophyseal joint and end plate pressures, and annulus stresses and strains. Therefore, there is little risk of permanent implant deformation or severe damage under normal loading conditions. Results: Maximum nucleus implant axial compression stresses in the range of 16–34 MPa and tensile stress in the range of 5–16 MPa, below Bionate 80A resistance were obtained. Two loading conditions were evaluated at L 3-L 4, L 4-L 5, and L 5-S 1 discs: a 1000 N axial compression load and this load after the addition of 8 Nm flexion moment in the sagittal plane plus 8 Nm axial rotation torque. We studied three options: intact spine, nucleotomy, and nucleus implant. All materials were assumed homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic. Methods: The ANSYS lumbar spine model made from lumbar spine X-rays and magnetic resonance images obtained from cadaveric spine specimens were used. Objective: To validate a Bionate 80A ring-shaped nucleus replacement. Study design: Biomechanical study of a nucleus replacement with a finite element model.
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